I know my friend’s pain. In the 30 years that I have been doing system administration, there have been numerous times when my own bacon has been saved by backups. I have been struck by the dread BUOD error (Bad User On Device) in which a glitch sitting between the chair and the keyboard has made the computer do all kinds of hideous deeds. The worst, early in my career, idled a team of a dozen programmers for three days. Why three full days? You guessed it: no backups. At the other end of the spectrum, a member of my team recently trashed a critical configuration file on one of our servers. This, however, resulted in no downtime; we simply grabbed a copy from the backups and continued on our merry ways.

If you accidentally delete a file from your web site (or, in my friend’s case, all of the files), can you recover it? Does your hosting company provide backups and, if so, can  you recover files from their backup? In many cases, hosting companies’ backups are only for their use in cases of disk drive failure.

My company offers one (excellent, in my opinion) solution, Nest Egg Backup for Web Servers. There are many other alternatives. Do choose and implement one. When you go comparison shopping, ask the key question: How long are the backups retained? If only for one night, that means that your window of opportunity is extremely limited. If you delete a file at 10:00pm and wait until 8:00am to try to get it back, you are out of luck. You should have at least three days of retention, preferably more, preferably a lot more. Thirty days can give you a nice warm, fuzzy feeling of safety and security.

Lesson of the day: Back up your hosting accounts! And be sure to include everything (email folders, MySQL databases, PHP config files, etc. etc. etc.) The day disaster strikes is a day too late to start backing stuff up.

10.5" magnetic tape

We used to say, never underestimate the bandwidth of a station wagon full of magnetic tapes. With just 0.0024 Mbps of bandwidth available, it was completely impractical to transfer large files across “the net.” Instead, we would write the files to 10.5″ reels of magnetic tapes and drive them to their destination by car.

DEC RM03 disk drive

It would take several tapes, and several hours, to “back up” a single 67 MB, washing machine sized, RM03 disk drive. Once the  tapes were written, we would bundle them into  the nearest car and take a road trip across town to where they needed to be. Then would begin the (usually slower) process of reading the tapes into the new computer. It was way faster to move data by “station wagon” than pretty much anything else.

Flash forward to 2010. On Tuesday, I had 62,000 MB of files on a computer in a datacenter in Houston that had to be moved to a new computer in a datacenter on the east coast. I live in the middle of the country (St. Louis) and do not have ready access to either datacenter. Through the miracles of the internet, I logged into the Houston computer and typed one command:

rsync -az /backup/htn/ root@newmachine.com:/backup/htn

About eight hours later, with no intervention from me, all of the files had been replicated onto the new machine. I had just moved 1,000 times as much data as one of felix’s entire disk drives in a fraction of the time and with virtually no effort.

Yup… life is good.

ThinkGeek Slide Rule

The sad thing is… not only do I remember slide rules, I depended on them to get my physics homework done in high school. Not only do I remember slide rules, those of us who used them were faster than the folks with Bowmar Brain calculators.

I did succumb to the glitter and glitz of calculators and computers, becoming an RPN bigot as any newly minted geek was in the 1970s. (Good thing, too. Have you ever tried to blog on a slide rule?)

Slide rules re-entered my life in 1986 when I took flying lessons. The E6B flight computer is little more than a circular slide rule with  special scales for doing some temperature calculations and a special rotating, clear window on the back for solving wind triangle problems. Spock recognized the utility of the E6B, too, using it on the bridge of the Enterprise in Who Mourns for Adonis.

Spock using an E6B Flight Computer

I ended up with two slide rules, my own and my grandfather’s (and my E6B flight computer). My slide rule evaporated years ago but my grandfather’s is still in the basement. And you know what, it still works… no batteries required.

My (Grandfather's) Slide Rule

]]> http://cheerfulcurmudgeon.com/2009/09/02/retro-slide-rule/feed/ 0 http://cheerfulcurmudgeon.com/2009/07/09/step-3-google-chrome-to-replace-microsoft-windows-apple-osx-and-linux/ http://cheerfulcurmudgeon.com/2009/07/09/step-3-google-chrome-to-replace-microsoft-windows-apple-osx-and-linux/#comments Thu, 09 Jul 2009 12:19:32 +0000 Art Zemon http://cheerfulcurmudgeon.com/?p=928 As I predicted in Google Chrome to Replace Microsoft Windows, Apple OSX, and Linux (September 2008) and again in Step 2: Google Chrome to Replace Microsoft Windows, Apple OSX, and Linux (December 2008), Google is moving to replace the operating system, not just the browser. What changed two days ago is that Google is finally being up-front about it, instead of masquerading their plans as “only” a browser.

In Introducing the Google Chrome OS on the Official Google Blog, Google writes,

We designed Google Chrome for people who live on the web — searching for information, checking email, catching up on the news, shopping or just staying in touch with friends….

Google Chrome OS is an open source, lightweight operating system that will initially be targeted at netbooks. Later this year we will open-source its code, and netbooks running Google Chrome OS will be available for consumers in the second half of 2010….

Speed, simplicity and security are the key aspects of Google Chrome OS. We’re designing the OS to be fast and lightweight, to start up and get you onto the web in a few seconds. The user interface is minimal to stay out of your way, and most of the user experience takes place on the web….

Google Chrome OS will run on both x86 as well as ARM chips and we are working with multiple OEMs to bring a number of netbooks to market next year….

What does this mean to you? Several things, all good if you a) use your computer mostly for stuff on the web, and b) like to save money, and c) don’t mind that virtually all of your files will be “elsewhere” instead of stored on your own computer.

1. Turn on your Google Chrome OS based computer and, within a very few seconds, you will be up and running on the web (using Google Chrome, of course).
2. No (or at least few) worries about viruses and Trojans which exploit Microsoft Windows, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Outlook, or Microsoft Office. You will have the security of Linux without the geeky requirements that you actually understand Linux.
3. You will be able to run this on existing hardware, which ought to breathe new life into old machines.

The kicker is that, in Google’s grand vision, all of your email, letters, documents, spreadsheets, databases, etc., will be stored on Google’s servers. You will use GMail for your mail and Google Apps instead of Microsoft Office or OpenOffice.org. If you are big, you will use the paid versions of these apps. If you are small, ads might be in your face all the time. It is not coincidence that GMail and Google Apps came out of “beta” the same day that Google introduced Google Chrome OS.

Is this good for you? How much do you trust Google? It is certainly cool technology, certainly priced right, and certainly convenient.

Since April, when it was disclosed that the intercepts of some private communications of Americans went beyond legal limits in late 2008 and early 2009, several Congressional committees have been investigating. Those inquiries have led to concerns in Congress about the agency’s ability to collect and read domestic e-mail messages of Americans on a widespread basis, officials said. Supporting that conclusion is the account of a former N.S.A. analyst who, in a series of interviews, described being trained in 2005 for a program in which the agency routinely examined large volumes of Americans’ e-mail messages without court warrants. Two intelligence officials confirmed that the program was still in operation.

A decade ago, I was a strong proponent of OpenPGP-encrypted email. I gave up when I got tired of trying to push that rope uphill. Maybe it’s time to try again.

Did you know that, unless you encrypt your email, it is as easy to read as a note written on a postcard? Now before you say, “So what? I don’t care,” consider how you would feel if NSA wanted to listen to all of your phone calls or wanted to read all of your regular mail. I suspect that, even though you are a law-abiding citizen and have nothing to hide, you might object a tad to that invasion of your privacy.

I have published my PGP key on this web site (and it is in the popular key servers). Using this key, you can send encrypted messages to me and you can confirm that messages which I sign electronically actually were signed by me.

I sign and encrypt my email messages using EnigMail and GnuPG (Gnu Privacy Guard) with Thunderbird, all highly reliable and free software. If you use something other than Thunderbird for your email (like Outlook or Eudora), here is a list of other mail user agent frontends. And if you use Gmail or any of the other email systems though a web browser, FireGPG is just the ticket.

Setting up the software is a little bit of work, but you will probably be done in less time than it would take you to drive to Office Depot and buy a box of envelopes. Once you have the software installed, you can encrypt an email message faster than you can lick and seal an envelope.

My current creation has lots of parts, including:

1. A daemon (I love that word, all the more since daemon’s are useful and not evil at all) which runs all the time and wakes up once a minute to see if anything interesting has happened and decide whether it should do something.
2. A script which watches for people to click special links in email messages. It leaves a “note” for the daemon, telling it that a human being received the email and did something. Cool; my program is making humans do things!
3. A script which watches for secret messages sent from another program on another computer. This script also leaves notes for the daemon, telling it that the other computer is set up and running and ready to do a human being’s bidding.

The daemon gets to do all sorts of fun things, including summoning new (virtual) computers into existance and turning them loose on the world. In the end, the daemon even gets to kill off the computers. The daemon spends real money (hopefully, this part does not get out of control!) with a real multi-national company.  And as the daemon works, it attracts the attention of people at four different companies, all of which are very interested in what this little beastie is doing.

Not bad for a creation which only exists in the virtual world inside a computer. If you see me walking around with a smug smile on my face, now you know why.

In a study of 1,063 adults, 97.2% of the “night people” had been fed in the evening as newborns. Furthermore, 97.6% of the “morning people” had been fed in the morning as newborns. The remaining approximately 2.5% may have been fed during those periods but conclusive evidence was not available due to failing memories on the parts of the only living adult relatives and a lack of timestamped photographic records.

Dr. Erudita has announced her imminent departure from the Hatch Institute and will be founding a company to provide infant betrothal services, guaranteeing that no married couple need ever be mismatched again.

Sometimes one piece of technology makes another, seemingly unrelated, piece of technology misbehave. It happened this morning at 12:15am CDT when an automated program that I run in Amazon EC2 failed to do its thing. The EC2 instances (that’s geek speak for “virtual machines” which is geek speak for “computers which aren’t really there but act like they are”) started up but never got around to doing any useful work. Six hours later, all of the instances were still running; they should have finished their work and died off in about two hours. I killed all of the instances, grumbling because I had paid for six hours of time and gotten nothing for it and did not even know why.

The underlying problem, it turned out, was a new SSL certificate that we had installed on our e-commerce store yesterday. One of the first things that each EC2 instance does is to fetch the latest version of the software from a Subversion server, which, coincidentally, is on the same machine as our e-commerce store. With a new SSL certificate on the server, each instance was waiting for a human being to say that the new certificate was OK. Inconveniently, the human being was sound asleep.

Who would have thought that renewing the SSL certificate for our on-line store would break an unrelated Amazon EC2-based application? Hidden dependencies suck.

Now I am in a bad mood, grumbling because I did not get my relaxed waking-up time after my shower, sitting next to my wife, drinking coffee, cruising blogs. Instead I dove directly from the shower into debugging and it left me feeling edgy.

We have a mechanism at Hen’s Teeth Network which works pretty well to keep emotional baggage like this from blindsiding our coworkers: we check-in every morning. It is a chance for me to say, “I’m in a bad mood. Better watch out; I may bite.” Better forewarned than not.

I am finishing this post a couple of hours later, after checking in with my coworkers. The check-in worked beautifully, giving me a chance to blow off some of the steam. I am more relaxed and I got some support from sympathetic ears. We even laughed a bit about the situation.

We missed the hidden dependency between the e-commerce store’s SSL certificate and the EC2 application and were caught unawares. Fortunately, we did not miss the hidden dependency between my early morning upset and my interactions with my co-workers. Knowing about the dependency and having tools at hand and in daily use for handling the dependency, proved a good thing for all of us.